【典型例題 1】

【原文】 ①But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. ②Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. ③We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. ④Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

【題目】 Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.

【選項】

[B] are not unconscious

[D] are not impulsive

【分析】本題題干在問“我們對快餐標識的反應表明了倉促的做決定_______。”根據關鍵詞回文定位，文中第三段第三句“We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.”我們無意識地把快餐和速度與不耐煩聯系在一起，并且把那些沖動帶入到我們正在做的其它任何事情中。文中出現的是“unconsciously ” 和 “impulses”，而B選項中是“not unconscious”，D選項是“are not impulsive”都和原文相反，均屬于在肯否定關系上設題。

【典型例題 2】

【原文】①John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. ②When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.

【題目】 John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on____.

【選項】

[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study

【分析】本題題目在問John認為“快速而又可靠的反應是基于_______”。根據關鍵詞回文定位到第五段第一句后半部分“John Gottman, .... we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. ”即“快速的反應是以經過長時間研究為基礎的”出現了“thick sliced” long-term study”，而B選項“thin sliced ”study中的“thin”和文中的“thick”剛好相反。

通過對以上典型例題進行分析，我們可以發現文中的定位信息句和選項含義是相反的。經常會在肯否定關系上設題，有時文章內容是肯定的，到了選項中變成了否定的意味，有時文章內容是否定的，而到了選項中則變成了肯定的。所以同學們在做題時，看到表否定的詞或者短語時一定要格外敏感。找準關鍵詞，致勝考研英語閱讀!

【典型例題 3】

【原文】①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. ②In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. ③Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

【題目】In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

【選項】

[A] women take the lead

【分析】本題題干在問“歐洲企業的辦公室通常會_______。”根據關鍵詞回文定位到第一段第二句話“Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.”“歐洲高層管理的職位中，男性占主導地位”，而A選項“ women take the lead”（女性占主導地位），與文章內容不符，屬于很明顯的偷換概念，把動作的發出者給偷換掉了。

【典型例題 4】

【原文】①After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position--- no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. ②When women do break through to the summit of corporate power---as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook---they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

7 ①If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers---and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

【題目】Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.

【選項】

[B] massive media attention

[D] greater “soft pressure”

【分析】本題目的題干在問“進入高層管理的女性會成為頭條新聞這是由于缺乏_______。”根據關鍵詞回文定位，第六段第一句后半部分 no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them.（無論有多大的軟壓力施加給他們）和D選項greater “soft pressure” （更大的軟壓力），和題干部分連起來就是“缺乏更大的軟壓力”，又是屬于明顯的偷換概念。第六段第二句后半部分“Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook---they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.”（她們引發了大量的媒體關注）和B選項massive media attention（缺乏大量媒體的關注）語義剛好相反。

以上真題典型題目的錯誤選項均屬于和文中定位信息含義相反的情況。象類似從肯否定關系的角度來設題的選項在真題中比比皆是。通常文中是肯定，而選項是否定；選項是肯定，而文中是否定。有時是屬于偷換概念，有時是偷換主語，有時是偷換賓語，還有時偷換的是動作。望廣大考生在后面研讀真題時歸納選項錯誤的原因，及時總結做題規律，致勝2016考研英語！