今天我們來(lái)談一談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)考試中的重頭戲：閱讀。眾所周知，閱讀共四篇20道題，題型不盡相同，側(cè)重點(diǎn)和考查點(diǎn)自然也有區(qū)別，而細(xì)節(jié)題則在這其中占了相當(dāng)大的比重（由2014年真題可知），下面我們就就細(xì)節(jié)題的答題方法加以闡述并例舉，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

【真題例舉】

All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession——with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America。

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare。

There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard。

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third。

The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically。

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow。

【問(wèn)題】

Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states？

[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies。

[B]Admissions approval from the bar association。

[C]Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major。

[D]Receiving training by professional associations。

【解析】

題干和選項(xiàng)譯文：

以下哪一點(diǎn)增加了美國(guó)大多數(shù)州的法律教育費(fèi)用？

A.   本科教育的高昂學(xué)費(fèi)

B.   接受專(zhuān)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的培訓(xùn)

C.   律師協(xié)會(huì)的入行許可

D.   獲取非相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的本科學(xué)歷

答案：D

文中并沒(méi)有比較過(guò)本科教育的學(xué)費(fèi)高低，所以A選項(xiàng)這個(gè)比較是不存在的，況且美國(guó)沒(méi)有法律本科的設(shè)置，學(xué)的都是其他學(xué)科，所以不存在更高的學(xué)費(fèi)；第三段有這樣的表述：a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意：這里接受的教育依然是學(xué)校的而不是協(xié)會(huì)提供的，只是協(xié)會(huì)授權(quán)的（authorized），還有就是后面所說(shuō)的準(zhǔn)備律師考試的過(guò)程很貴，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確；在同樣的定位處，并沒(méi)有談?wù)摰絹?lái)自律師協(xié)會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)需要費(fèi)用的問(wèn)題，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；四年的其他專(zhuān)業(yè)+三年的法學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)，這是造成法學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)費(fèi)昂貴的原因。而且在第四段中作者也明確提出了可以不學(xué)其他專(zhuān)業(yè)，這樣可以減少學(xué)費(fèi)，所以選D。

【方法總結(jié)】

細(xì)節(jié)題，顧名思義就是考查你對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握，而準(zhǔn)確定位自然是能夠準(zhǔn)確把握的前提，可以學(xué)會(huì)找出選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞并定位到原文，比如，本題的關(guān)鍵詞就是“cost”，所以要把主要目標(biāo)放在三、四兩段上，但由于三、四兩段都在談?wù)撡M(fèi)用的問(wèn)題所以必須結(jié)合選項(xiàng)定位，本題在同樣的定位處基本都能找到相關(guān)信息。做細(xì)節(jié)題還要注意一點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)是否“無(wú)中生有”，很多考生經(jīng)常會(huì)吃這個(gè)虧，比如說(shuō)某一選項(xiàng)根據(jù)文章的意思覺(jué)得應(yīng)該是這樣，但其實(shí)文中卻并沒(méi)有找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的說(shuō)明，也就是說(shuō)文中并沒(méi)有提到這一點(diǎn)，這樣的選項(xiàng)其實(shí)往往是錯(cuò)誤的，一定要盡可能找到由明確信息對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)，本題可以說(shuō)是這一問(wèn)題的典型。

不同的題型有不同的應(yīng)對(duì)方法，但對(duì)于英語(yǔ)閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)卻是應(yīng)對(duì)不同題型的通用法寶，不管是詞匯、長(zhǎng)難句的積累，還是語(yǔ)感的把握，都能為不同解題方法的實(shí)施更好地奠定基礎(chǔ)，大家一定要雙管齊下，才能在考場(chǎng)上出奇制勝。